On Thursday we went on a tour of Mary King’s Close in Old
Town Edinburgh. Old Town was the center of business and community up until the
1700’s. As the bus approached Old Town I could see more and more of the building
centuries old. Just before the bus reached our stop I saw the Edinburgh castle,
built in 1130, to my left, magnificent. Our bus stop was on the popular tourist road called the Royal Mile.
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The Royal Mile |
A “Close” is an alley or narrow road
and they’re located everywhere in Old Town every 12 feet or so between the old and
new buildings. Closes were named after prominent businesses or people from the time and Mary King was a successful business merchant in the 1600’s with tenement houses in that Close.
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One of the many Closes |
Edinburgh was a walled city so as the population increased,
buildings were built up because there was no room to spread out. The buildings
in the Closes were as high as eight stories with the poor living in the
basement level and the wealthier living in the upper floors. The Bubonic plague
ravaged the city in 1645 killing 50% of the population. In the 1700’s Edinburgh’s
Old Town was losing business to New Town so a decision was made to build the
Royal Exchange. The location selected was directly over the tenement houses in
some of the Closes. The residents were displaced from the designated buildings
with some of them razed while others, like Mary King’s, had the top floors
removed and the lower buildings used as a base for the new Royal Exchange. Some
businesses continued to operate as a literal underground market with the last
one being evicted in 1902 for expansion of the exchange. In 2003,
archaeologists found daily life from the mid 1600’s could be recreated from the
covered builds and the site became a popular tourist attraction, that’s why we
were there.
Our tour guide, Tom, was a theatrical and comedic young man
providing us the information and directions in a very entertaining manner. Mary
King’s Close has been carefully reconstructed adding wooden flooring and increasing
the height of the bottom floor ceiling to accommodate modern tourists. The road
on the close was very steep leading to the Loch Ness, North Lake, at the
bottom. The steep roads were utilized for drainage and every day at 07:00 and
22:00, the church bell rang alerting residents of the buildings it was
permitted to pour their slop buckets and chamber pots, a bowl kept in the house and used as a toilet throughout the day, from the windows into the
street where it would ooze down the slope into the loch. Built into the sides
of the buildings were small kiosks where merchants sold their goods. In the warm
months the inhabitants walked the close in ankle to knee deep muck. In the
winter, the road would freeze making walking treacherous causing a less sure-footed
person to fall. Consequently, that person would slide down the road sometimes
knocking unsuspecting people down on the journey all ending in the loch, which
we now know was full of muck! Many of the faces grimaced after hearing that
story.
We went to one room on the bottom floor that was perhaps ten
feet wide and 20 feet long and Tom explained up to 16 people would inhabit that
room. Before Edinburgh expanded past its’ walls, the concentration was 30,000
people per square mile. In the U.S. today there are only four cities with a
greater density than Edinburgh in 1650 and NYC has a density of less than
28,000. Edinburgh included farm animals in rooms of the bottom floors of the tenement
buildings. The crowded conditions and their proximity to animals made
conditions of squalor with rats impossible to contain. Listening to Tom explain
the conditions the people had to endure was difficult to the point of being
almost unimaginable.
St Giles church |
But seeing the actual living quarters and streets with Tom’s
explanations of what life was like was amazing. The location of the Royal Mile
is a must see with the old and new buildings side by side. The sidewalks are
wide and busy with people, with many shops, restaurants, bars and a 500 hundred
year old church, St Giles. The only complaint is it is difficult deciding where
not to take photos with so much amazing scenery.
We are both planning to take the bus back to Old Town to
people watch and take some more photos.
Cheers from Edinburgh!
John
NOTE: Unfortunately, we were not able to shoot photographs in Mary King's Close. The Close is under a federal building which prohibits photographs.